Conclusion

This blog is based on a topic that fascinates me and that is supposed to be one easier, but wasn't that easy. It was more difficult because I had to find the topics and that make it even more complicated, but the result after an entire semester is one satisfying. At first I thought it was going to not get the result but now I look and I say "I achieved." I will miss to search topics for the blog and also the class. It has been a unique, complicated but good experience. Thanks for teaching us that life is a lovely one and we should get as much as we can of her. Thanks for scolding us when we deserved and forgive us if we offend you. Thanks for being one of the best professors of the university. 

Great minds in psychology: Urie Bronfenbrenner

Urie Bronfenbrenner (1917-2005): American psychologist. Ecological theory has the approach that development occurs through processes of integration between the individual and his immediate environment, which are influenced by more remote contexts

• Microsystem: setting in which the individual interacts with other everyday

• Mesosystem: integration between two or more microsystems

• Exosystem: links between a micro and systems or external institutions (where the individual actively participated)

• Macrosystem: global cultural patterns

• Chronosystem: effects of time on other systems, degree of stability or change in the person or the environment

Retrieve from: http://www.suagm.edu/umet/biblioteca/Reserva_Profesores/janette_orengo_educ_173/Urie_Bronfenbrenner.pdf

Great minds in psychology: Jean Piaget

Jean Piaget (1896-1980): Swiss constructive psychologist. The theory of cognitive stages of Piaget is divided into:

• Adaptation of new information management in the light of what is already known

§                 Assimilation: incorporate new information into existing cognitive structure

§                Accommodation: change cognitive structures to include new information

• Balancing: striving for balance, determines the change between assimilation and accommodation

• Organization: categories to observe the characteristics they have in common the members of that class are created

Retrieve from http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teor%C3%ADa_del_desarrollo_cognitivo_de_Piaget

Great minds in psychology: Ivan Pavlov

Ivan Pavlov (1849-1936): Russian physiologist. He won the Nobel Prize for Medicine and Physiology in 1904. The classical conditioning theory focuses on the learning of involuntary emotional or psychological responses. Through this process it is possible to train animals and humans to react involuntarily to a stimulus that previously had no effect.

• Classical Conditioning: association automatic responses to novel stimuli

• Neutral Stimulus: is not connected to a response

• Unconditioned stimulus: stimulus that automatically triggers an emotional or physiological response

• Conditioned stimulus: stimulus that provokes an emotional or physiological response after conditioning

• Unconditioned response: emotional or physiological response that occurs naturally

• Conditional Response: learned response to the previously neutral stimulus

• Generalization: to respond in the same way to similar stimuli

• Discrimination respond differently to similar stimuli but not identical

• Extinction: gradual disappearance of a learned response

Retrieve from: http://www.suagm.edu/umet/biblioteca/Reserva_Profesores/janette_orengo_educ_135/Teoriaa_de_Condicionamiento_Clasico_de_Ivan_Pavlov.pdf

Great minds in psychology: Sigmund Freud

Sigmund Freud (1856-1939): was an Austrian physician and neurologist, known as the father of psychoanalysis and one of the major intellectual figures of the twentieth century. Psychosexual theory divided into five stages dealing with personality development and the specific areas of the body, from birth to puberty, going through a period of great susceptibility or physiological sensitivity known as erogenous zones.

• Oral Stage (birth to 1 year and a half): you derive pleasure by the senses, especially the mouth

• Anal Stage (1 ½ to 3 years): takes pleasure in elimination functions

• Phallic Stage (3 years to 6 years) gets pleasure from the genitals (Oedipus Complex: boy falls in love with his mother, Electra complex: girl is attracted by her father)

• Latency Stage (5-6 years to 12 years) remain latent sexual urges

• Genital Stage (12 and older): predominantly sexual urges

Retrieve from: http://www.suagm.edu/umet/biblioteca/Reserva_Profesores/janette_orengo_educ_173/Teoria_sicosexual_de_Sigmund%20Freud.pdf

Great minds in psychology: Erik Erikson

Erik Homburger Erikson (1902-1994): German psychoanalyst. He argues that the search for identity is the most important issue of life. The company is a positive force in shaping the development of the ego or self. Erikson's psychosocial theory is divided into eight stages, each representing a crisis involving a different personality conflict and growing. Each crisis is manifested at certain times depending on the level of maturity of the person. If the individual adapts to the needs of each crisis, the ego will continue its development to the next stage; if the crisis is not resolved, the continued presence interfere with the healthy development of the ego. The successful solution of each of the eight crisis requires that a positive feature with a negative balance.

• Trust vs. Distrust (0-1 year): supporting basic needs

• Autonomy vs. Shame (2-3 years): decisive stage for love, hate, cooperation, stubbornness, freedom of expression, suppression

• Initiative vs. Guilt (3-6 years): Preschool

• Diligence vs. Inferiority (7-12 years): School

• Identity vs. Identity Confusion (12-18 years): adolescence

• Privacy vs. Isolation (young adulthood) relationships, establishing intimate relationships

• Generation vs. Stagnation (middle adulthood) meet and support the next generation

• I Integrity vs. Despair (late adulthood): reflection on his own life and this acceptance, self-acceptance and self-realization

Retrieve from: http://www.suagm.edu/umet/biblioteca/Reserva_Profesores/evelyn_garcia_educ_173/Teoria_de_desarrollo_psicosocial_Erikson.pdf

The world through the eyes of a psychologist

Psychologists see the world from a different perspective than someone who has no knowledge. Many people say that you don’t have to be a psychologist to understand others and their situations because that experience are so common that most people go through them and know how to deal with them. Many others say that psychologists always find the five foot to the cat and living diagnosing worldwide. What people do not talk about is how fascinating it can be to know the mind of a criminal, see his background, see why it is one way or another. The people will see it as an excuse for not complying jail but psychologists see it as an opportunity for a person to deal with your inner self and the diseases they may have. I am not justifying the murderers or rapists, just say that we all have the right to treatment if there is any disease in our system. A recent example I can take and that perfectly reflects my point of view is the famous trilogy by E.L. James Fifty Shades of Grey. Many read it in order to focus only on sex or because is extremely explicit, in contrast to psychology these books are a gem. This trilogy tells the story of a handsome billionaire man who knows a simple woman and which aims to establish a sadomasochistic relationship with her. Throughout the reading we see that the character of Christian Grey is falling in love with the character of Anastasia Steele to the point of setting aside part of what he is for love; of course, he don’t leave it. This plot is interesting because through the reading we know why the protagonist acts and is like he is. Is interesting that he is the way he is because he have a trauma since he was little which lead him to be as it is at present. As mentioned earlier, psychologists see the world differently, we can see beyond the surface, we can see beyond the look and discover a world that just begins to know: the human mind.